Migraine is a type of headache that is one of the most frequent and debilitating neurological illnesses in the world. Approximately 40 genetic loci have been linked to migraine in genome-wide association studies. The impact of these and other genetic discoveries on our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of common and unusual migraine variants will be reviewed. The genetic load is larger in family migraine patients than in non-familial cases, and it’s even higher for migraine with aura and hemiplegic migraine, based on common polygenic variation. Migraine and depression are linked by a similar genetic variation. Genetic factors appear to play a role in the clinical aspects of common migraine. Lower age-at-onset, higher frequency and number of medication days, and the migraine with aura subtype are all linked to a stronger family history of migraine. Mild hemiplegic migraine, like other migraine subtypes, is likely produced by a complicated polygenic interplay of several gene variations and environmental variables. Physicians may be able to provide adequate genetic counselling to hemiplegic migraine sufferers based on phenotypic traits. The combination of genetic, phenotypic, and epigenetic data will aid in determining the molecular processes via which hereditary variables contribute to migraine pathogenesis. Recent research has revealed the role of genetics on migraine clinical features and comorbidities, which may help doctors, provide appropriate genetic guidance to patients.
