Many different protozoan parasites fall under the category Coccidia, which includes significant human and animal infections such Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, Eimeria spp., and Cystoisospora spp. They frequently only have one host species for the entirety of their life cycle, which involves a transition from asexual to sexual stages. Coccidian parasite research at the moment is mostly concerned with cell biology and the underlying processes of protein expression and trafficking at various stages of life, host cell invasion, and host-parasite interactions. Novel anticoccidial medication targets are also assessed. In vitro production of Coccidia needs to be improved and developed further to suit these requirements due to the range of research topics and the desire to lessen and replace animal experiments. Systems of established culture are continually enhanced for these goals. New in vitro culture systems have also recently become very important in Coccidia research. As demonstrated by Cystoisospora suis and Eimeria tenella, wellestablished and optimized in vitro cultures of monolayer cells can support the viability and development of parasite stages and even allow completion of the life cycle in vitro.
